Every methods was indeed applied while in the school time

Professionals regarding around three communities was applied myself this new Italian types of your own UPPS-P Spontaneous Behavior Level (UPPS-P; ) and also the DERS self-declaration questionnaires. Users had been administered the fresh UPPS-P additionally the DERS two to four weeks adopting the initial BPI government. Most of the measures were applied inside haphazard acquisition. The new BPI, the fresh UPPS-P, therefore the DERS was indeed interpreted on the Italian of the a couple of authors; for all strategies, the adequacy of your own Italian translations on their respective brand-new types are subject to English mother-language elite group translators owing to straight back-translations.

Borderline Identity Inventory (BPI)

The BPI is a 53–item self–report questionnaire based on Kernberg’s concept of borderline personality organization . It assesses a broad range of phenomenological manifestations of BPD pathology, including affectivity and identity disturbances, fear of closeness, interpersonal instability, self–harming/suicidal behavior, impulsive behavior, dissociative symptoms and psychotic symptoms. Applying a modification of the original true–false (yes/no) rating of the items , items were scored on a Likert-type scale with four levels of agreement ranging from “disagree strongly” to “agree strongly” . The BPI yields a total score that is a dimensional measure of overall BPD psychopathology (with higher scores corresponding to greater BPD psychopathology). Only the first 51 items of the BPI are summed to compute the BPI total score (which can range from 51 to 204). In adult participants, the BPI has been found to be a reliable and valid measure of BPD, with sensitivity and specificity data showing that the BPI identifies independently diagnosed patients with sufficient hit rates . Likewise, in adult participants, the BPI total score has been shown to yield good agreement with Gunderson’s DIB-R [46, 47] and DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for BPD . Of particular relevance to this study, the BPI has also been found to be a reliable measure of BPD features in samples of adolescents . In support of the measure’s construct validity, scores on the Italian version of the BPI (Cronbach ? = .93) have been found to evidence significant associations with self-reports of childhood sexual abuse, r = .29, p < .001, childhood neglect, r = .33, p < .001, and emotion dysregulation (as assessed with the DERS), r = .39, p < .001, in a sample of Italian nonclinical adults (N = 431, 58.2% female, mean age = 35 ± 16).

In the present study, the Cronbach ? values of the BPI total scores were .91 and .97 in the screening sample (N = 1,157) and the three groups combined, respectively. Similar Cronbach ? values were observed for the BPI total score within each group. In the present study, a subsample of 75 adolescents (41.3% female, mean age = years, SD = 1.74) agreed to be re-administered the Italian version of the BPI one month after the first administration; the value of the test-retest reliability coefficient was good, r = .85, p < .001.

Trouble in the Feeling Controls Scale (DERS)

Brand new DERS was thirty six-item scale that provide an extensive evaluation off complete emotion dysregulation and additionally half dozen particular dimensions: nonacceptance from bad ideas, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when upset, troubles managing natural habits when upset, limited accessibility effective feeling controls strategies, decreased emotional good sense, and you may not enough emotional quality. The fresh DERS enjoys demonstrated good decide to try–retest precision and you may adequate construct and predictive authenticity , and that is strongly correlated which have a fresh measure of emotion control certainly one of BPD clients (roentgen = -.63; select ). Next, brand new DERS has been seen to own an excellent inner feel and you can enough build and you can convergent legitimacy among kids aged 11–17, in addition to an equivalent grounds construction to this utilized in grownups . In the present data, this new DERS full get shown enough interior texture regarding entire sample (Letter = 91), Cronbach ? = .90, and mamba in the newest highest-BPD classification (Cronbach ? = .89), average-BPD group (Cronbach ? = .78), and you will reduced-BPD category (Cronbach ? = .79).