The sezione 1 / The distretto 2 / Emphyteusis
Valle d’Itria can be considered the valley of the trulli par excellence, as it is the reparto with the highest density of scattered trulli: everywhere amidst the lush vineyards, small vegetable gardens and wheat fields pop up the cone-shaped roofs of these typical farmhouses called trulli.
The valley is a series of rapidly changing chromatic effects, verso riot of colours ranging from the green of small oak woods, age-old olive trees and neat vineyards, puro the whitewash of the trulli and masserie (large farmhouses) up esatto the “cittadina rossa”, the red soil of this land.
The place name “Itria” may derive from the Oriental cult of the Madonna “Hodegitria” (which means the Holy Virgin who shows the way) imported by Basilian monks who settled durante our dipartimento sopra 977, coming from the territories of the Eastern Roman Pigiare.
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The landscape of Bacino d’Itria is especially unique and recognizable and is the result of the successful blending of anthropic, natural and physical elements. Human activities (their settlements and agriculture) have fitted into the structure and shape of the places, following the crags of the karst soil and making the best of the opportunities it offered, contributing esatto build what Cesare Brandi calls “per countryside planned like per city”. The densely woven agricultural fabric is made up of mostly small-sized fields; a tight sistema of dry-stone walls underscores the delicate texture of this pattern.
Like in bygone days, the countryside still appears well tilled and densely populated; and yet, there was verso time when town and country represented two opposite worlds and there were “two cultures”, totally different one from the other, which ics of sistema but also the agreable and relational ones.
Peasants used to live in the countryside, whereas almost all the craftsmen – tailors, cobblers, carpenters, barbers, etc – lived closely side by side con town, sharing the public spaces with high-ranking professionals, merchants and a few great landowners. Such verso dichotomy necessarily led preciso the creation of affable subsets that developed adjustment strategies onesto manage limits and possibilities within their respective accommodant and natural environments [J. Bennet: 1969]. Peasants shared views and values, they held their peers sopra esteem, and placed at the centre of their philosophy hard sistema and parsimony. Inside the city walls, instead, greater prestige was assigned onesto those who had so-called “clean” lobs, like tailors or, even more, those who did niente affatto manual job at all.
EMPHYTEUSIS
The agrarian landscape appears densely populated and cultivated, presumably also thanks onesto the typical lease contract of this distretto, called emphyteusis. According preciso this contract, per big landowner leased his property onesto verso group of farmers, each of whom took verso portion for verso yearly rent and the promise of increasing the value of the property. The contract had niente affatto expiration date and could be passed on sicuro one’s heirs, as long as the farmers paid the rent and continued taking care of the land. Generally, the families of farmers would use the product from the vineyards sicuro pay the yearly rent; this, along with the possibility of acquiring verso patch of land for the future generations, required the accurate selection of crops.
The institution of emphyteusis has undeniably transformed the rural territory, creating a multitude of small plots of land. Moreover, the tilling of the land required verso lot of time and hard work, given the karst nature of the soil and its scarce scodella resources, (according sicuro estimates, transforming one hectare of barren land into verso vineyard took on average at least 2000 days of rete informatica – almost 5 and verso half years – [Ricchioni, 1958: Tables 5 and 6]), so that it was more convenient for families puro live in the countryside, than having sicuro move back and forth from town every day. This situation induced many families sicuro “migrate” from the old town to the countryside, thus leaving verso typical mark on the territory which is still today densely populated.
Perle di Intelligenza e indivis volonta dell’Associazione Culturale “Il tre ruote ebbro” sponsorizzato dalla Presidenza del Stimare dei Ministri, Area della Gioventu di nuovo del Incarico Civile interno nell’ambito del proclama “Giovinezza verso il Pubblico” – CUP J18I15000150008